Inbred corn line PHT11

ABSTRACT

According to the invention, there is provided an inbred corn line, designated PHT11. This invention thus relates to the plants and seeds of inbred corn line PHT11 and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing the inbred line PHT11 with itself or with another corn plant. This invention further relates to hybrid corn seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line PHT11 with another corn line or plant.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/649,789 filed on Feb. 1, 1991, now abandoned.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention is in the field of corn breeding, specifically relating to an inbred corn line designated PHT11.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The goal of plant breeding is to combine in a single variety/hybrid various desirable traits. For field crops, these traits may include resistance to diseases and insects, tolerance to heat and drought, reducing the time to crop maturity, greater yield, and better agronomic quality. With mechanical harvesting of many crops, uniformity of plant characteristics such as germination and stand establishment, growth rate, maturity, and fruit size, is important.

Field crops are bred through techniques that take advantage of the plant's method of pollination. A plant is self-pollinated if pollen from one flower is transferred to the same or another flower of the same plant. A plant is cross-pollinated if the pollen comes from a flower on a different plant.

Plants that have been self-pollinated and selected for type for many generations become homozygous at almost all gene loci and produce a uniform population of true breeding progeny. A cross between two homozygous lines produce a uniform population of hybrid plants that may be heterozygous for many gene loci. A cross of two plants each heterozygous at a number of gene loci will produce a population of hybrid plants that differ genetically and will not be uniform.

Corn plants (Zea mays L.) can be bred by both self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques. Corn has separate male and female flowers on the same plant, located on the tassel and the ear, respectively. Natural pollination occurs in corn when wind blows pollen from the tassels to the silks that protrude from the tops of the incipient ears.

The development of corn hybrids requires the development of homozygous inbred lines, the crossing of these lines, and the evaluation of the crosses. Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection breeding methods are used to develop inbred lines from breeding populations. Breeding programs combine the genetic backgrounds from two or more inbred lines or various other broad-based sources into breeding pools from which new inbred lines are developed by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new inbreds are crossed with other inbred lines and the hybrids from these crosses are evaluated to determine which of those have commercial potential.

Pedigree breeding starts with the crossing of two genotypes, each of which may have one or more desirable characteristics that is lacking in the other or which complement the other. If the two original parents do not provide all of the desired characteristics, other sources can be included in the breeding population. In the pedigree method, superior plants are selfed and selected in successive generations. In the succeeding generations the heterozygous condition gives way to homogeneous lines as a result of self-pollination and selection. Typically in the pedigree method of breeding five or more generations of selfing and selection is practiced: F₁ →F₂ ; F₂ →F₃ ; F₃ →F₄ ; F₄ →F₅, etc.

Backcrossing can be used to improve an inbred line. Backcrossing transfers a specific desirable trait from one inbred or source to an inbred that lacks that trait. This can be accomplished for example by first crossing a superior inbred (A) (recurrent parent) to a donor inbred (non-recurrent parent), which carries the appropriate gene(s) for the trait in question. The progeny of this cross is then mated back to the superior recurrent parent (A) followed by selection in the resultant progeny for the desired trait to be transferred from the non-recurrent parent. After five or more backcross generations with selection for the desired trait, the progeny will be heterozygous for loci controlling the characteristic being transferred, but will be like the superior parent for most or almost all other genes. The last backcross generation would be selfed to give pure breeding progeny for the gene(s) being transferred.

A single cross hybrid corn variety is the cross of two inbred lines, each of which has a genotype which complements the genotype of the other. The hybrid progeny of the first generation is designated F₁. In the development of hybrids only the F₁ hybrid plants are sought. Preferred F₁ hybrids are more vigorous than their inbred parents. This hybrid vigor, or heterosis, can be manifested in many polygenic traits, including increased vegetative growth and increased yield.

The development of a hybrid corn variety involves three steps: (1) the selection of plants from various germplasm pools; (2) the selfing of the selected plants for several generations to produce a series of inbred lines, which, although different from each other, each breed true and are highly uniform; and (3) crossing the selected inbred lines with unrelated inbred lines to produce the hybrid progeny (F₁). During the inbreeding process in corn, the vigor of the lines decreases. Vigor is restored when two unrelated inbred lines are crossed to produce the hybrid progeny (F₁). An important consequence of the homozygosity and homogeneity of the inbred lines is that the hybrid between any two inbreds will always be the same. Once the inbreds that give a superior hybrid have been identified, the hybrid seed can be reproduced indefinitely as long as the homogeneity of the inbred parents is maintained.

A single cross hybrid is produced when two inbred lines are crossed to produce the F₁ progeny. A double cross hybrid is produced from four inbred lines crossed in pairs (A×B and C×D) and then the two F₁ hybrids are crossed again (A×B)×(C×D). Much of the hybrid vigor exhibited by F₁ hybrids is lost in the next generation (F₂). Consequently, seed from hybrid varieties is not used for planting stock.

Corn is an important and valuable field crop. Thus, a continuing goal of plant breeders is to develop high-yielding corn hybrids that are agronomically sound based on stable inbred lines. The reasons for this goal are obvious: to maximize the amount of grain produced with the inputs used and minimize susceptibility to environmental stresses. To accomplish this goal, the corn breeder must select and develop superior inbred parental lines for producing hybrids. This requires identification and selection of genetically unique individuals which in a segregating population occur as the result of a combination of crossover events plus the independent assortment of specific combinations of alleles at many gene loci which results in specific genotypes. Based on the number of segregating genes, the frequency of occurrence of an individual with a specific genotype is less than 1 in 10,000. Thus, even if the entire genotype of the parents has been characterized and the desired genotype is known, only a few if any individuals having the desired genotype may be found in a large F₂ or S₀ population. Typically, however, the genotype of neither the parents nor the desired genotype is known in any detail.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, there is provided a novel inbred corn line, designated PHT11. This invention thus relates to the seeds of inbred corn line PHT11, to the plants of inbred corn line PHT11, and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing the inbred line PHT11 with itself or another corn line. This invention further relates to hybrid corn seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line PHT11 with another corn line.

DEFINITIONS

In the description and examples that follow, a number of terms are used herein. In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of the specification and claims, including the scope to be given such terms, the following definitions are provided:

BAR PLT=BARREN PLANTS. This is the percent of plants per plot that were not barren (lack ears).

BRT STK=BRITTLE STALKS. This is a measure of the stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an indication of whether a hybrid or inbred would snap or break near the time of flowering under severe winds. Data are presented as percentage of plants that did not snap.

BU ACR=YIELD (BUSHELS/ACRE). Actual yield of the grain at harvest adjusted to 15.5% moisture. ABS is in absolute terms and % MN is percent of the mean for the experiments in which the inbred or hybrid was grown.

DRP EAR=DROPPED EARS. This is a measure of the number of dropped ears per plot and represents the percentage of plants that did not drop ears prior to harvest.

EAR HT=EAR HEIGHT. The ear height is a measure from the ground to the top developed ear node attachment and is measured in inches.

EAR SZ=EAR SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating of ear size. The higher the rating the larger the ear size.

EST CNT=EARLY STAND COUNT. This is a measure of the stand establishment in the spring and represents the number of plants that emerge on a per plot basis for the inbred or hybrid.

GDU SHD=GDU TO SHED. The number of growing degree units (GDUs) or heat units required for an inbred line or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants shedding pollen and is measured from the time of planting. Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method, where the heat units for a 24-hour period are: ##EQU1##

The highest maximum temperature used is 86° F. and the lowest minimum temperature used is 50° F. For each inbred or hybrid it takes a certain number of GDUs to reach various stages of plant development.

GDU SLK=GDU TO SILK. The number of growing degree units required for an inbred line or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence from time of planting. Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method as given in GDU SHD definition.

GRN APP=GRAIN APPEARANCE. This is a 1 to 9 rating for the general appearance of the shelled grain as it is harvested based on such factors as the color of the harvested grain, any mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High scores indicate good grain quality.

MST=HARVEST MOISTURE. The moisture is the actual percentage moisture of the grain at harvest.

PLT HT=PLANT HEIGHT. This is a measure of the height of the plant from the ground to the tip of the tassel in inches.

POL SC=POLLEN SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the amount of pollen shed. The higher the score the more pollen shed.

POL WT=POLLEN WEIGHT. This is calculated by dry weight of tassels collected as shedding commences minus dry weight from similar tassels harvested after shedding is complete. % MN is percent of the mean for the experiments in which the inbred or hybrid was grown.

PRM=PREDICTED RM. This trait, predicted relative maturity (RM), is based on the harvest moisture of the grain. The relative maturity rating is based on a known set of checks and utilizes standard linear regression analyses and is referred to as the Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating System.

RT LDG=ROOT LODGING. Root lodging is the percentage of plants that do not root lodge; plants that lean from the vertical axis at an approximately 30° angle or greater would be counted as root lodged.

SCT GRN=SCATTER GRAIN. A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the amount of scatter grain (lack of pollination or kernel abortion) on the ear. The higher the score the less scatter grain.

SDG VGR=SEEDLING VIGOR. This is the visual rating (1 to 9) of the amount of vegetative growth after emergence at the seedling stage (approximately five leaves). A higher score indicates better vigor.

SEL IND=SELECTION INDEX. The selection index gives a single measure of the hybrid's worth based on information for up to five traits. A corn breeder may utilize his or her own set of traits for the selection index. One of the traits that is almost always included is yield. The selection index data presented in the tables represent the mean value averaged across testing stations.

STA GRN=STAY GREEN. Stay green is the measure of plant health near the time of black layer formation (physiological maturity). A high score indicates better late-season plant health.

STK CNT=NUMBER OF PLANTS. This is the final stand or number of plants per plot.

STK LDG=STALK LODGING. This is the percentage of plants that did not stalk lodge (stalk breakage) as measured by either natural lodging or pushing the stalks and determining the percentage of plants that break below the ear.

TAS BLS=TASSEL BLAST. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to measure the degree of blasting (necrosis due to heat stress) of the tassel at time of flowering. A 1 would indicate a very high level of blasting at time of flowering, while a 9 would have no tassel blasting.

TAS SZ=TASSEL SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to indicate the relative size of the tassel. The higher the rating the larger the tassel.

TAS WT=TASSEL WEIGHT. This is the average weight of a tassel (grams) just prior to pollen shed.

TEX EAR=EAR TEXTURE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to indicate the relative hardness (smoothness of crown) of mature grain. A 1 would be very soft (extreme dent) while a 9 would be very hard (flinty or very smooth crown).

TILLER=TILLERS. A count of the number of tillers per plot that could possibly shed pollen was taken. Data is given as percentage of tillers: number of tillers per plot divided by number of plants per plot.

TST WT=TEST WEIGHT UNADJUSTED. The measure of the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume (bushel).

TST WTA=TEST WEIGHT ADJUSTED. The measure of the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume (bushel) adjusted for percent moisture.

YLD=YIELD. It is the same as BU ACR ABS.

YLD SC=YIELD SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to give a relative rating for yield based on plot ear piles. The higher the rating the greater visual yield appearance.

MDM CPX=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex (MDMV=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus & MCDV=Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "1" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.

SLF BLT=Southern Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis, Helminthosporium maydis): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "1" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.

NLF BLT=Northern Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum, H. turcicum): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "1" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.

COM RST=Common Rust (Puccinia sorghi): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "1" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.

GLF SPT=Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "1" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.

STW WLT=Stewart's Wilt (Erwinia stewartii): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "1" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.

HD SMT=Head Smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana): Percentage of plants that did not have infection.

EAR MLD=General Ear Mold: Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "1" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant. This is based on overall rating for ear mold of mature ears without determining specific mold organism, and may not be predictive for a specific ear mold.

ECB DPE=Dropped ears due to European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis): Percentage of plants that did not drop ears under second brood corn borer infestation.

ECB 2SC=European Corn Borer Second Brood (Ostrinia nubilalis): Visual rating (1-9 score) of post flowering damage due to infestation by European Corn Borer. A "1" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.

ECB 1LF=European Corn Borer First Brood (Ostrinia nubilalis): Visual rating (1-9 score) of pre-flowering leaf feeding by European Corn Borer. A "1" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Inbred corn line PHT11 is a yellow, dent corn inbred that is best used as a female in crosses for producing first generation F1 corn hybrids. PHT11 is adapted to most regions of the United States. The inbred can be used to produce hybrids from approximately 106-118 relative maturity based on the Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating System for harvest moisture of grain. PHT11 has good ear retention and excellent grain quality. The inbred has excellent germination and good stalk strength. In hybrid combinations, PHT11 has good yield and rapid drydown in the field. PHT11 is a tall inbred and often fails to silk properly. PHT11 has small kernels and flowers late in relationship to its grain moisture maturity.

The inbred has shown uniformity and stability within the limits of environmental influence for all the traits as described in the Variety Description Information (Table 1) that follows. Most of the data in the Variety Description Information was collected at Johnston, Iowa. The inbred has been self-pollinated and ear-rowed a sufficient number of generations with careful attention paid to uniformity of plant type to ensure homozygousity and phenotypic stability. The line has been increased both by hand and in isolated fields with continued observation for uniformity. No variant traits have been observed or are expected in PHT11.

Inbred corn line PHT11, being substantially homozygous, can be reproduced by planting seeds of the line, growing the resulting corn plants under self-pollinating or sib-mating conditions with adequate isolations, and harvesting the resulting seed, using techniques familiar to the agricultural arts.

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                         VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION                                                INBRED = PHT11                                                                 Type: Dent Region Best Adapted: Most Regions                                   ______________________________________                                         A.  Maturity: Average across maturity zones. Zone: 0                               Heat Unit Shed: 1460                                                           Heat Unit Silk: 1480                                                           No. Reps: 61                                                                    ##STR1##                                                                  B.  Plant Characteristics:                                                         Plant height (to tassel tip): 237 cm                                           Length of top ear internode: 13 cm                                             Number of ears per stalk: Single                                               Ear height to base of top ear): 89 cm                                          Number of tillers: None                                                        Cytoplasm type: Normal                                                     C.  Leaf:                                                                          Color: Dark Green (B14)                                                        Angle from Stalk: <30 degrees                                                  Marginal Waves: Few (WF9)                                                      Number of Leaves (mature plants): 19                                           Sheath Pubescence: Light (W22)                                                 Longitudinal Creases: Many (PA11)                                              Length (Ear node leaf): 79 cm                                                  Width (widest point, ear node leaf): 10 cm                                 D.  Tassel:                                                                        Number lateral branches: 1                                                     Branch Angle from central spike: 30-40 degrees                                 Peduncle Length (top leaf to basal branches): 21 cm                            Anther color: Yellow                                                           Glume Color: Green                                                         E.  Ear (Husked Ear Data Except When Stated Otherwise):                            Length: 15 cm                                                                  Weight: 101 gm                                                                 Mid-point Diameter: 38 mm                                                      Silk Color: Green                                                              Husk Extension (Harvest stage): Medium (Barely covering                        ear)                                                                           Husk Leaf: Short (<8 cm)                                                       Taper of Ear: Slight                                                           Position of Shank (dry husks): Upright                                         Kernel Rows: Straight, Distinct Number = 16                                    Husk Color (fresh): Light Green                                                Husk Color (dry): Buff                                                         Shank Length: 10 cm                                                            Shank (No. of internodes): 9                                               F.  Kernel (Dried):                                                                Size (from ear mid-point)                                                      Length: 10 mm                                                                  Width: 7 mm                                                                    Thick: 4 mm                                                                    Shape Grade (% rounds): 20-40 (26% medium round based                          on Parent Test Data)                                                           Pericarp Color: Colorless                                                      Aleurone Color: Homozygous Yellow                                              Endosperm Color: Yellow                                                        Endosperm Type: Normal Starch                                                  Gm Wt/100 Seeds (unsized): 23 gm                                           G.  Cob:                                                                           Diameter at mid-point: 21 mm                                                   Strength: Strong                                                               Color: Red                                                                 H.  Diseases:                                                                      Corn Lethal Necrosis (MCMV-Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus                        and MDMV = Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus): Intermediate                             Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex (MDMV & MCDV = Maize                                Dwarf Virus): Susceptible                                                      Anthracnose Stalk Rot (C. graminicola): Intermediate                           S. Leaf Blight (B. maydis): Intermediate                                       N. Leaf Blight (E. turcicum): Intermediate                                     Common Rust (P. sorghi): Intermediate                                          Southern Rust (P. polysora): Susceptible                                       Gray Leaf Spot (C. zeae): Susceptible                                          Stewart's Wilt (E. stewartii): Susceptible                                     Goss's Wilt (C. nebraskense): Resistant                                        Fusarium Ear Mold (F. moniliforme): Resistant                              I.  Insects:                                                                       European Corn Borer-1 Leaf Damage (preflowering):                              Intermediate                                                                   European Corn Borer-2 (Post-flowering): Susceptible                            The above descriptions are based on a scale of 1-9, 1 being,                   highly susceptible, 9 being highly resistant.                                  S (Susceptible): Would generally represent a score of 1-3                      I (Intermediate): Would generally represent a score of 4-5.                    R (Resistant): Would generally represent a score of 6-7.                       H (Highly Resistant): Would generally represent a score of.                    8-9. Highly resistant does not imply                                           the inbred is immune.                                                      J.  Variety most Closely Resembling:                                               Character Inbred                                                               Maturity G39                                                                   Usage G39                                                                  ______________________________________                                          G39 (PVP Certificate No. 8300115 is a Pioneer HiBred International, Inc.       proprietary inbred.                                                            Data for Items B, C, D, E, F, and G is based primarily on a maximum of         four reps from Johnston, Iowa grown in 1989 and 1990 plus description          information from the maintaining station.                                      *if maximum is greater than 86 degrees fahrenheit, then 86 is used and if      minimum is less than 50, then 50 is used. Heat units accumulated daily an      can not be less than 0.                                                  

ELECTROPHORESIS RESULTS Isozyme Genotypes for PHT11

Isozyme data were generated for inbred corn line PHT11 according to the procedures described in Stuber, C. W., Wendel, J. F., Goodman, M. M., and Smith, J. S. C., "Techniques and Scoring Procedures for Starch Gel Electrophoresis of Enzymes from Maize (Zea mays L.)", Technical Bulletin No. 286, North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C. (1988).

The data in Table 2 compares PHT11 with its parents, G39 and PHG69.

                  TABLE 2                                                          ______________________________________                                         ELECTROPHORESIS RESULTS FOR PHT11                                              AND ITS PARENTS G39 AND PHG69                                                                    PARENTS                                                      LOCI      PHT11         G39    PHG69                                           ______________________________________                                         ACP1      4             4      2.                                              ADH1      4             4      4                                               CAT3      9             9      9                                               DIA1      12            8      12                                              GOT1      4             4      4                                               GOT2      2             2      4                                               GOT3      4             4      4                                               IDH1      4             4      4                                               IDH2      6             6      6                                               MDH1      6             6      6                                               MDH2      6             6      3.5                                             MDH3      16            16     16                                              MDH4      12            12     12                                              MDH5      12            12     12                                              MMM       4             4      4                                               PGM1      9             9      9                                               PGM2      4             4      8                                               PGD1      2             2      2                                               PGD2      2.8           5      2.8                                             PHI1      4             4      4                                               ______________________________________                                    

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

This invention also is directed to methods for producing a corn plant by crossing a first parent corn plant with a second parent corn plant wherein the first or second parent corn plant is an inbred corn plant from the line PHT11. Further, both first and second parent corn plants can come from the inbred corn line PHT11. Thus, any such methods using the inbred corn line PHT11 are part of this invention: selfing, backcrosses, hybrid production, crosses to populations, and the like. All plants produced using inbred corn line PHT11 as a parent are within the scope of this invention. Advantageously, the inbred corn line is used in crosses with other, different, corn inbreds to produce first generation (F₁) corn hybrid seeds and plants with superior characteristics.

As used herein, the terms "plant and plant parts" include plant cells, plant protoplasts, plant cell tissue culture from which corn plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as embryos, pollen, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, leaves, husks, stalks, roots, root tips, anthers, silk and the like.

Tissue culture of corn is described in European Patent Application, publication 160,390, incorporated herein by reference. Corn tissue culture procedures are also described in Green and Rhodes, "Plant Regeneration in Tissue Culture of Maize," Maize for Biological Research (Plant Molecular Biology Association, Charlottsville, Va. 1982, at 367-372) and in Duncan, et al., "The Production of Callus Capable of Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Numerous Zea Mays Genotypes," 165 Planta 322-332 (1985) Thus, another aspect of this invention is to provide cells which upon growth and differentiation produce the inbred line PHT11.

Corn is used as human food, livestock feed, and as raw material in industry. The food uses of corn, in addition to human consumption of corn kernels, include both products of dry- and wet-milling industries. The principal products of corn dry milling are grits, meal and flour. The corn wet-milling industry can provide corn starch, corn syrups, and dextrose for food use. Corn oil is recovered from corn germ, which is a by-product of both dry- and wet-milling industries.

Corn, including both grain and non-grain portions of the plant, is also used extensively as livestock feed, primarily for beef cattle, dairy cattle, hogs, and poultry.

Industrial uses of corn are mainly from corn starch from the wet-milling industry and corn flour from the dry-milling industry. The industrial applications of corn starch and flour are based on functional properties, such as viscosity, film formation, adhesive properties, and ability to suspend particles. The corn starch and flour have application in the paper and textile industries. Other industrial uses include applications in adhesives, building materials, foundry binders, laundry starches, explosives, oil-well muds, and other mining applications.

Plant parts other than the grain of corn are also used in industry. Stalks and husks are made into paper and wallboard and cobs are used for fuel and to make charcoal.

The seed of inbred corn line PHT11, the plant produced from the inbred seed, the hybrid corn plant produced from the crossing of the inbred, hybrid seed, and various parts of the hybrid corn plant can be utilized for human food, livestock feed, and as a raw material in industry.

EXAMPLE Inbred and Hybrid Performance of PHT11

In the examples that follow, the traits and characteristics of inbred corn line PHT11 are given as a line and in hybrid combination. The data collected on inbred corn line PHT11 is presented for the key characteristics and traits.

Table 3A compares PHT11 to one of its parents, G39. The results show PHT11 has higher grain yield and test weight, but lower grain harvest moisture than G39. PHT11 has fewer barren plants and better seedling vigor than G39. PHT11 is a taller inbred and flowers (GDU Shed and GDU Silk) earlier than G39. PHT11 has fewer scattergrain, poorer stay green, and is more susceptible to stalk lodging than G39. PHT11 has better resistance to ear mold and first brood European corn borer than G39.

Table 3B contains results comparing PHT11 to its other parent, PHG69. PHT11 has higher grain harvest moisture and lower test weight than PHG69. PHT11 is a taller inbred with higher ear placement and flowers (GDU Shed and GDU Silk) later than PHG69. PHT11 has a significantly better seedling vigor and early stand count than PHG69. PHT11 has significantly better stay green, but is more susceptible to ear mold than PHG69.

Tables 3C through 3D compare PHT11 with other Pioneer proprietary inbreds with similar genetic backgrounds, similar usage and proven performance in the area where PHT11 is adapted.

The results in Table 3C show PHT11 has higher grain yield, grain harvest moisture, and test weight than G50. PHT11 is a significantly taller inbred, has higher ear placement, and flowers (GDU Shed and GDU Silk) later than G50. PHT11 has better seedling vigor and higher stand count than G50. PHT11 has significantly smaller tassels, is less scattergrain, and has better stay green than G50. PHT11 has better resistance to ear mold and Northern leaf blight, but is more susceptible to first brood European corn borer.

Table 3D compares PHT11 to PHP38. PHT11 has significantly lower yield and grain harvest moisture, but higher test weight than PHP38. PHT11 is taller, has higher ear placement, and flowers (GDU Shed) slightly earlier than PHP38. PHT11 has significantly smaller tassels than PHP38. PHT11 has poorer stay green, less resistance to stalk and root lodging, and more resistance to first brood European corn borer than PHP38.

Table 4 compares PHT11 and PHP38 crossed to the same inbred testers. The PHT11 hybrids have lower yield and grain harvest moisture than the PHP38 hybrids. The PHT11 hybrids are taller and have higher ear placement than the PHP38 hybrids. The PHT11 hybrids are more susceptible to stalk and root lodging, but have better grain appearance than the PHP38 hybrids.

Tables 5 through 7 compares a PHT11 hybrid with Pioneer Brand Hybrids 3394, 3357, and 3295, respectively. The hybrids have a parent in common with the PHT11 hybrid other than PHT11. The hybrids are adapted to much of the same area as the PHT11 hybrids. The results in Table 5 show the PHT11 hybrid has lower grain yield and grain harvest moisture than 3394. The PHT11 hybrid is taller with higher ear placement and flowers (GDU Shed) earlier than 3394. The PHT11 hybrid has better grain appearance, but poorer stay green than 3394. The PHT11 hybrid is more susceptible to stalk and root lodging and second brood European corn borer than 3394.

Table 6 compares a PHT11 hybrid to Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3357. The PHT11 hybrid is lower yielding and has lower grain harvest moisture compared to 3357. The PHT11 hybrid is taller, has higher ear placement, and flowers (GDU Shed) later than 3357. The PHT11 hybrid has better grain appearance, but poorer stay green than 3357. The PHT11 hybrid is significantly more susceptible to stalk lodging and second brood European corn borer than 3357.

Table 7, comparing a PHT11 hybrid to Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3295, shows the PHT11 hybrid is higher yielding, but has lower grain harvest moisture than 3295. The PHT11 hybrid is taller with higher ear placement and flowers (GDU Shed) earlier than 3295. The PHT11 hybrid has poorer stay green and is more susceptible to stalk lodging and second brood European corn borer than 3295.

                                      TABLE 3A                                     __________________________________________________________________________     PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA                                                  VARIETY #1 = PHT11 - VARIETY #2 = G39                                          __________________________________________________________________________              BU  BU      EAR BAR PLT EAR SDG EST DRP TIL                                                                               GDU GDU                         VAR ACR ACR MST SZ  PLT HT  HT  VGR CNT EAR LER                                                                               SHD SLK                         #   ABS % MN                                                                               ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                                                               ABS ABS                    __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL                                                                               1   57.4                                                                               89  18.8                                                                               5.8 91.8                                                                               88.9                                                                               32.0                                                                               6.3 38.7                                                                               100.0                                                                              0.1                                                                               1465                                                                               1473                   SUM  2   51.3                                                                               76  20.0                                                                               6.0 85.3                                                                               81.7                                                                               32.9                                                                               5.7 37.7                                                                               99.5                                                                               0.5                                                                               1552                                                                               1574                        LOCS                                                                               20  20  22  11  13  23  22  36  58  7   18 49  45                          DIFF                                                                               6.1 13  1.2 0.2 6.5 7.2 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.5                                                                               87  101                         PROB                                                                               .187                                                                               .091*                                                                              .002#                                                                              .640                                                                               .093*                                                                              .000#                                                                              .119                                                                               .021+                                                                              .136                                                                               .231                                                                               .192                                                                              .000#                                                                              .000#                  __________________________________________________________________________              POL TAS TEX TST GRN SCT STA STK RT  EAR NLF                                                                               STW ECB ECB                     VAR SC  SZ  EAR WT  APP GRN GRN LDG LDG MLD BLT                                                                               WLT ILF 2SC                     #   ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                                                               ABS ABS ABS                __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL                                                                               1   3.9 2.7 7.2 58.9                                                                               7.4 6.7 4.3 89.3                                                                               83.2                                                                               7.7 4.9                                                                               2.0 5.2 3.5                SUM  2   5.3 5.7 6.7 57.0                                                                               6.9 5.2 6.1 96.4                                                                               80.5                                                                               6.3 4.2                                                                               4.5 4.4 3.9                     LOCS                                                                               19  21  6   20  14  20  27  15  13  16  6  2   17  11                      DIFF                                                                               1.4 3.0 0.5 1.9 0.4 1.5 1.8 7.1 2.7 1.4 0.8                                                                               2.5 0.8 0.4                     PROB                                                                               .010+                                                                              .000#                                                                              .296                                                                               .000#                                                                              .142                                                                               .000#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .001#                                                                              .395                                                                               .014+                                                                              .287                                                                              .500                                                                               .014+                                                                              .559               __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG                                                                    + = 5% SIG                                                                     # = 1% SIG                                                               

                                      TABLE 3B                                     __________________________________________________________________________     PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA                                                  VARIETY #1 = PHT11                                                             VARIETY #2 = PHG69                                                             __________________________________________________________________________                 BU  BU      EAR BAR PLT EAR SDG EST                                                                               DRP TIL GDU GDU                         VAR ACR ACR MST SZ  PLT HT  HT  VGR CNT                                                                               EAR LER SHD SLK                         #   ABS 5 MN                                                                               ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                                                               ABS ABS ABS ABS                 __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM                                                                              1   57.6                                                                               117 18.6                                                                               6.0 92.9                                                                               103.3                                                                              34.5                                                                               6.3 38.6                                                                              100.0                                                                              0.3 1500                                                                               1512                        2   55.7                                                                               117 15.9                                                                               3.5 91.7                                                                               93.0                                                                               24.3                                                                               4.3 34.5                                                                              100.0                                                                              0.9 1355                                                                               1387                        LOCS                                                                               3   3   3   2   4   2   2   5   7  3   4   3   3                           DIFF                                                                               1.9 0   2.7 2.5 1.2 10.3                                                                               10.2                                                                               2.0 4.0                                                                               0.0 0.6 145 125                         PROB    .828                                                                               .923                                                                               .132                                                                               .126                                                                               .802                                                                               .138                                                                               .002#                                                                              .061*                                                                             1.00                                                                               2.96                                                                               .086*                                                                              .115                __________________________________________________________________________                 TEX TST GRN SCT STA STK RT  EAR ECB                                                                               ECB                                     VAR EAR WT  APP GRN GRN LDG LDG MLD 1LF                                                                               2SC                                     #   ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                                                               ABS                             __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM                                                                              1   7.5 59.0                                                                               6.8 6.5 5.8 83.2                                                                               99.6                                                                               8.0 5.0                                                                               1.5                                     2   8.0 60.6                                                                               6.9 7.0 1.8 78.9                                                                               98.1                                                                               9.0 3.0                                                                               1.0                                     LOCS                                                                               2   3   3   2   4   3   3   2   1  3                                       DIFF                                                                               0.5 1.5 0.0 0.5 4.0 4.3 1.5 1.0 2.0                                                                               0.5                                     PROB                                                                               .500                                                                               .266                                                                               .850                                                                               .500                                                                               002#                                                                               .733                                                                               .341                                                                               .000#  000#                            __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG                                                                    + = 5% SIG                                                                     # = 1% SIG                                                               

                                      TABLE 3C                                     __________________________________________________________________________     PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA                                                  VARIETY #1 = PHT11                                                             VARIETY #2 = G50                                                               __________________________________________________________________________              BU  BU      EAR                                                                               BAR PLT EAR SDG EST DRP TIL GDU GDU                         VAR ACR ACR MST SZ PLT HT  HT  VGR CNT EAR LER SHD SLK                         #   ABS % MN                                                                               ABS ABS                                                                               ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                    __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL                                                                               1   58.7                                                                               121 19.3                                                                               5.8                                                                               90.0                                                                               89.6                                                                               29.8                                                                               5.8 30.8                                                                               100.0                                                                              0.3 1452                                                                               1462                   SUM  2   52.1                                                                               104 17.0                                                                               5.3                                                                               90.2                                                                               69.1                                                                               28.0                                                                               3.8 23.7                                                                               99.6                                                                               1.4 1430                                                                               1456                        LOCS                                                                               5   5   5   12 9   16  15  36  51  4   19  49  47                          DIFF                                                                               6.6 17  2.2 0.6                                                                               0.1 20.5                                                                               1.7 2.5 7.2 0.4 1.1 22  5                           PROB                                                                               .375                                                                               .430                                                                               .045+                                                                              .206                                                                              .975                                                                               .000#                                                                              .232                                                                               .000#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .391                                                                               .135                                                                               .000#                                                                              .415                   __________________________________________________________________________              POL TAS TEX TST                                                                               GRN SCT STA STK RT  EAR NLF STW ECB ECB                     VAR SC  SZ  EAR WT APP GRN GRN LDG LDG MLD BLT WLT ILF 2SC                     #   ABS ABS ABS ABS                                                                               ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL                                                                               1   4.5 2.8 7.3 58.3                                                                              7.4 6.9 5.3 82.0                                                                               88.5                                                                               7.9 5.4 3.0 4.9 3.7                SUM  2   6.5 7.3 7.6 57.4                                                                              6.5 5.5 3.4 85.2                                                                               98.2                                                                               6.3 3.0 3.0 7.8 4.2                     LOCS                                                                               17  2   8   5  4   23  13  4   4   20  6   1   23  14                      DIFF                                                                               2.0 4.5 0.4 0.9                                                                               0.9 1.4 2.0 3.2 9.8 1.6 2.4 0.0 2.9 0.5                     PROB                                                                               .012+                                                                              .000#                                                                              .442                                                                               .379                                                                              .113                                                                               .001#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .619                                                                               .374                                                                               .000#                                                                              .022#   .000#                                                                              .157               __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG                                                                    + = 5% SIG                                                                     # = 1% SIG                                                               

                                      TABLE 3D                                     __________________________________________________________________________     PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA                                                  VARIETY #1 = PHT11                                                             VARIETY #2 = PHP38                                                             __________________________________________________________________________              BU  BU      EAR                                                                               BAR PLT EAR SDG EST DRP TIL                                                                               GDU GDU                          VAR ACR ACR MST SZ PLT HT  HT  VGR CNT EAR LER                                                                               SHD SLK                          #   ABS % MN                                                                               ABS ABS                                                                               ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                                                               ABS ABS                     __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL                                                                               1   57.8                                                                               87  20.1                                                                               5.5                                                                               92.6                                                                               88.9                                                                               31.2                                                                               6.1 37.7                                                                               99.8                                                                               0.3                                                                               1456                                                                               1470                    SUM  2   73.3                                                                               109 21.8                                                                               5.4                                                                               93.2                                                                               77.5                                                                               27.5                                                                               6.0 35.3                                                                               99.9                                                                               1.8                                                                               1465                                                                               1479                         LOCS                                                                               26  26  28  14 20  31  30  53  83  14  26 74  67                           DIFF                                                                               15.4                                                                               23  1.6 0.1                                                                               0.6 11.3                                                                               3.8 0.1 2.3 0.1 1.5                                                                               8   9                            PROB                                                                               .000#                                                                              .001#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .699                                                                              .755                                                                               .000#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .520                                                                               .000#                                                                              .408                                                                               .072*                                                                             .057*                                                                              .068*                   __________________________________________________________________________              POL TAS TEX TST                                                                               GRN SCT STA STK RT  EAR NLF                                                                               STW ECB ECB                      VAR SC  SZ  EAR WT APP GRN GRN LDG LDG MLD BLT                                                                               WLT 1LF 2SC                      #   ABS ABS ABS ABS                                                                               ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                                                               ABS ABS ABS                 __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL                                                                               1   4.0 2.6 7.2 58.4                                                                              7.5 6.9 4.1 89.6                                                                               83.5                                                                               7.9 4.9                                                                               2.0 5.1 3.9                 SUM  2   5.1 5.5 7.4 57.9                                                                              7.0 6.4 6.2 95.0                                                                               95.1                                                                               7.7 4.6                                                                               3.5 4.0 4.2                      LOCS                                                                               27  29  9   26 20  25  33  22  13  21  8  2   26  14                       DIFF                                                                               1.1 2,8 0.2 0.5                                                                               0.6 0.5 2.2 5.4 11.5                                                                               0.3 0.4                                                                               1.5 1.2 0.4                      PROB                                                                               .020+                                                                              .000#                                                                              .447                                                                               .066*                                                                             .109                                                                               .148                                                                               .000#                                                                              .028+                                                                              .025+                                                                              .205                                                                               .442                                                                              .500                                                                               .000#                                                                              .447                __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG                                                                    + = 5% SIG                                                                     # = 1% SIG                                                               

                                      TABLE 4                                      __________________________________________________________________________     AVERAGE INBRED BY TESTER PERFORMANCE COMPARING PHT11 TO PHP38                  CROSSED TO THE SAME INBRED TESTERS AND GROWN IN THE SAME                       EXPERIMENTS. ALL VALUES ARE EXPRESSED AS PERCENT TO THE EXPERIMENT             MEAN EXCEPT PREDICTED RM, SELECTION INDEX, AND YIELD (BU/ACR).                 __________________________________________________________________________                      SEL                                                                               BU       PRM GDU STK RT  STA                                      INBRED                                                                               PRM IND                                                                               ACR                                                                               YLD                                                                               MST                                                                               SHD SHD LDG LDG GRN                               __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL  REPLIC.                                                                              381 386                                                                               386                                                                               386                                                                               387                                                                                39 105 372 73  228                               MEAN WTS                                                                              PHT11 115 103                                                                               155                                                                               102                                                                                96                                                                               118 100 101 98  105                               MEAN WTS                                                                              PHP38 119 109                                                                               162                                                                               106                                                                               103                                                                               118 101 103 101 129                                      DIFF.  4   6  7  5  7  1   0   2   3   23                               __________________________________________________________________________                        TST GRN SDG EST                                                                               STK                                                                               PLT                                                                               EAR                                                                               DRP                                                                               BRT                                           INBRED                                                                               WTA APP VGR CNT                                                                               CNT                                                                               HT HT EAR                                                                               STK                              __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL        REPLIC.                                                                              385 298 200 286                                                                               406                                                                               200                                                                               200                                                                               258                                                                                11                              MEAN WTS     PHT11 101 107 108 101                                                                               100                                                                               102                                                                               102                                                                               100                                                                               101                              MEAN WTS     PHP38 101 101 108 101                                                                               100                                                                                98                                                                                98                                                                               100                                                                               100                                           DIFF.  0   5   0   1  0  4  4  0  0                               __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 5                                      __________________________________________________________________________     PHT11 HYBRID COMPARED TO PIONEER BRAND HYBRID 3394                             VARIETY #1 = PHT11 HYBRID                                                      VARIETY #2 = 3394                                                              __________________________________________________________________________                 BU  BU      PLT EAR SDG EST                                                                               DRP GDU                                         VAR ACR ACR MST HT  HT  VGR CNT                                                                               EAR SHD                                         #   ABS % MN                                                                               ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                                                               ABS ABS                                 __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM                                                                              1   162.7                                                                              106 19.9                                                                               102.3                                                                              49.3                                                                               6.6 60.1                                                                              99.4                                                                               1384                                        2   169.5                                                                              110 21.8                                                                               97.9                                                                               48.0                                                                               6.9 60.5                                                                              99.7                                                                               1402                                        LOCS                                                                               78  78  78  36  36  41  57 60  18                                          DIFF                                                                               6.8 4   2.0 4.3 1.3 0.3 0.3                                                                               0.3 18                                          PROB                                                                               .000#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .033+                                                                              .067*                                                                              .535                                                                              .431                                                                               .006#                               __________________________________________________________________________                 GRN STA STK RT  NLF ECB                                                    VAR APP GRN LDG LDG BLT 2SC                                                    #   ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                            __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM                                                                              1   7.0 5.2 91.8                                                                               96.4                                                                               8.5 4.0                                                    2   6.7 6.7 93.31                                                                              97.2                                                                               7.5 5.6                                                    LOCS                                                                               59  39  77  20  1   21                                                     DIFF                                                                               0.3 1.4 1.5 0.8 1.0 1.5                                                    PROB                                                                               .005#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .227                                                                               .504    .000#                                          __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG                                                                    + = 5% SIG                                                                     # = 1% SIG                                                               

                                      TABLE 6                                      __________________________________________________________________________     PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA                                                  VARIETY #1 = PHT11 HYBRID                                                      VARIETY #2 = 3357                                                              __________________________________________________________________________                 BU  BU      PLT EAR SDG EST                                                                               DRP                                                                               GDU                                          VAR ACR ACR MST HT  HT  VGR CNT                                                                               EAR                                                                               SHD                                          #   ABS % MN                                                                               ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                                                               ABS                                                                               ABS                                  __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM                                                                              1   154.6                                                                              100 20.9                                                                               98.8                                                                               44.3                                                                               6.1 59.4                                                                              99.6                                                                              1399                                         2   161.8                                                                              105 21.8                                                                               95.2                                                                               41.6                                                                               6.0 60.3                                                                              99.6                                                                              1388                                         LOCS                                                                               71  71  71  37  37  34  49 48 18                                           DIFF                                                                               7.2 4   0.8 3.6 2.7 0.1 1.0                                                                               0.0                                                                               11                                           PROB                                                                               .001#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .620                                                                               .182                                                                              .919                                                                              .105                                 __________________________________________________________________________                 GRN STA STK RT  ECB                                                        VAR APP GRN LDG LDG 2SC                                                        #   ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                                __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM                                                                              1   7.9 5.5 92.1                                                                               99.4                                                                               2.8                                                        2   1.6 6.3 4.6 8.9 3.8                                                        LOCS                                                                               53  40  67  13  20                                                         DIFF                                                                               0.3 0.8 2.4 0.5 1.0                                                        PROB                                                                               .009#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .014+                                                                              .201                                                                               .030+                                              __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG                                                                    + = 5% SIG                                                                     # = 1% SIG                                                               

                                      TABLE 7                                      __________________________________________________________________________     PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA                                                  VARIETY #1 = PHT11 HYBRID                                                      VARIETY #2 = 3295                                                              __________________________________________________________________________                 BU  BU      BAR PLT EAR SDG EST                                                                               DRP                                                                               GDU                                      VAR ACR ACR MST PLT HT  HT  VGR CNT                                                                               EAR                                                                               SHD                                      #   ABS % MN                                                                               ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                                                               ABS                                                                               ABS                              __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM                                                                              1   154.8                                                                              107 21.0                                                                               96.3                                                                               117.8                                                                              53.6                                                                               5.8 56.7                                                                              99.2                                                                              1406                                     2   149.4                                                                              104 22.3                                                                               91.7                                                                               115.3                                                                              52.4                                                                               6.1 56.4                                                                              98.7                                                                              1433                                     LOCS                                                                               55  55  55  3   22  22  26  39 25 19                                       DIFF                                                                               5.5 4   1.3 4.6 2.5 1.2 0.2 0.3                                                                               0.6                                                                               27                                       PROB                                                                               .013+                                                                              .058*                                                                              .000#                                                                              .542                                                                               .004#                                                                              .026+                                                                              .269                                                                               .695                                                                              .321                                                                              .007#                            __________________________________________________________________________                 GRN STA STK RT  ECB                                                        VAR APP GRN LDG LDG 2SC                                                        #   ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS                                                __________________________________________________________________________     TOTAL SUM                                                                              1   6.6 5.1 88.8                                                                               83.0                                                                               4.6                                                        2   6.3 6.1 95.0                                                                               88.3                                                                               5.6                                                        LOCS                                                                               43  24  50  23  14                                                         DIFF                                                                               0.2 1.0 6.2 5.3 1.1                                                        PROB                                                                               .258                                                                               .000#                                                                              .000#                                                                              .117                                                                               .027+                                              __________________________________________________________________________      * = 10% SIG                                                                    + = 5% SIG                                                                     # = 1% SIG                                                               

Deposits

Applicants have made available to the public without restriction a deposit of at least 2500 seeds of Inbred Corn Line PHT11 with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Rockville, Md. 20852 USA, ATCC Deposit No. 75962. The seeds deposited with the ATCC on Dec. 7, 1994 were taken from the same deposit maintained by Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 700 Capital Square, 400 Locust Street, Des Moines, Iowa 50309-2340 since prior to the filing date of this application. This deposit of the Inbred Corn Line PHT11 will be maintained without restriction in the ATCC depository, which is a public depository, for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the most recent request, or for the effective life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if it becomes nonviable during that period. 

What is claimed is:
 1. Inbred corn seed designated PHT11 and having ATCC accession number
 75962. 2. A corn plant produced by the seed of claim
 1. 3. A tissue culture of regenerable cells of a plant wherein the tissue regenerates plants having all the physiological and morphological characteristics of PHT11.
 4. A corn plant regenerated from the regenerable cells of tissue culture according to claim 3, said plant having all the biochemical, cytological, physiological and morphological characteristics of PHT11.
 5. A method of producing a hybrid corn plant having the characteristics of being tall with good standability and consistently high yields with drier grain of good quality when compared to similarly adapted hybrids comprising the steps of:(a) planting in pollinating proximity seeds of corn inbred lines PHT11 and another inbred line; (b) cultivating corn plants resulting from said planting until the time the plants bear flowers; (c) emasculating the flowers of the plants of either inbred line; (d) allowing natural cross pollinating to occur between said inbred lines; and (e) harvesting seeds produced on said emasculated plants of the inbred line.
 6. F₁ hybrid corn seed and plants therefrom produced by crossing inbred corn plant PHT11 with another corn plant that is not PHT11. 